|
The 50th Army was a Soviet field army during World War II. It was formed in mid-August, 1941 and deployed on the southwest approaches to Moscow. Partly encircled and destroyed by German Second Panzer Army in the opening stages of Operation Typhoon, enough of the army escaped that it could be reinforced to successfully defend the city of Tula in November. It was at this time that the 50th came under the command of Lt. Gen. I.V. Boldin, who continued in command until February, 1945. During most of its career the army was relatively small and accordingly served in secondary roles. It finished the war in East Prussia, under the command of Lt. Gen. F.P. Ozerov, as part of 3rd Belorussian Front. ==Formation== The Army became active on Aug. 16, 1941 along the Desna River as part of the newly-forming Bryansk Front. The Army's first commander, Mjr. Gen. M.P. Petrov, issued his Combat Order No. 1 on that date. In it, he recorded the composition of the 50th Army as follows: * 217th Rifle Division * 258th Rifle Division * 260th Rifle Division * 269th Rifle Division * 279th Rifle Division * 280th Rifle Division * 55th Cavalry Division * Artillery regiments of 2nd and 20th Rifle Corps * 753rd and 761st Antitank Regiments * 86th Separate Antiaircraft Battalion * 10th Separate Armored Car Battalion * 5th Separate Sapper Battalion〔David M. Glantz, ''Barbarossa Derailed, Vol. 2'', Helion & Co., Ltd., Solihull, UK, 2012, p 71〕 Note that, except for the 217th which formed in late June, all of these rifle divisions had formed in July, as few as four weeks earlier.〔Walter S. Dunn, Jr., ''Stalin's Keys to Victory'', Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2007, pp 71, 75-6〕 Bryansk Front was under the command of Gen. A.I. Yeryomenko. During the balance of August and most of September he ordered his forces, including the relatively fresh 50th Army, into repeated clashes with the German XLVII Motorized Corps over its possession of a bridgehead over the Desna anchored on the towns of Pochep and Pogar. This was also an attempt to disrupt Second Panzer Army as it prepared to strike southwards towards Kiev.〔Glantz, ''Barbarossa Derailed, Vol. 2'', ch. 3 and 4〕 These operations had little effect on the German forces and also severely weakened the Front just as it was to face its greatest test. As of Sept. 30, strength returns for 50th Army showed 61,503 personnel, 780 guns and mortars (of which 149 were antitank guns), but only 7 tanks.〔Glantz, ''Barbarossa Derailed, Vol. 2'', p 573〕 It was still one of the stronger armies before Moscow, but not so strong as it had been when formed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「50th Army (Soviet Union)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|